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VISIGOTHS-ROMANS |
Although
rest of a town exist and one necropolis visigoth, in " La Loma
de Enmedio ", located to 4 km of Gaucín and during the domination
visigoth knew it with the name Belda , in opinion of many (Padre
Mariana, Pascual Madoz and Vázquez Otero) Gaucín is of Roman origin,
since in the denominated " Casas del Abrevadero " to 8 km of
the town rest of Roman town exist and it thinks that its Roman name
was the La Venta de Barajabi denominating it to it Barbariana
, although other authors identify the Roman city of Vesci like
origin of Gaucín, nevertheless thinks that these were based on the
town existing Iberian previously in the zone. |
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ARABS |
Town is located in lowest part of valley that
Sierra del Hacho, under castle, that had a
great strategic value since with Gibraltar, constituted defense
of entrance by the South Constructed by Romans, were Arabs who left
more tracks in the enclosure, that conserves his purity architectonic,
of that the importance that they gave to this bastion, to that is
deduced equipped with the powerful defenses until making it unconquerable.
The Arabs called Sajra Guazan that means "
rock strong " or " rock strategically located ". The first historical
news, extracted of Muqtavis V, talks about year 914 and narrates
like during the campaign against Belda, the Cordovan forces burned
the ships whereupon Umar dealt horseradish tree Hafsun, fact that
were seen by the people of Sas, Gaucín and Castellar.
In century XI, Abd to the Yabbar, son of Al-Mutamid,
rose in the castle of Montemayor and put under the neighboring castles
of Alcala of the Gazules and Gaucín (Gauyan) among others.
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Even they are left vestiges of Arab
constructions |
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RECONQUEST |
With Alfonso VIII the Christian followers enter
Round and guerrillas is continuous during centuries XIII and XIV,
being less frequent the Arab answers. The Moors supported in the
mountainous area, troubled the field of Algeciras, Don Fernando
sent to contain the Arab excursions to which outside Fog gentleman,
Nebrija and of San Lucar de Barrameda, Don Alfonso Perez de Gúzman,
call " Gúzman el Bueno " (1256 Leon - Gaucín 1309), which died the
17 of September of 1309, fighting against the Muslims in the called
place " Prados de León".
Gaucín, was conquered in 1457 by king Enrique
IV, but the town definitively does not happen to be Christian dominion
until the 27 of May of 1485, being taken the villa by the captain
Don Pedro from the Castle, first mayor of Gaucín, that receives
in Ronda its appointment of hands of king Fernando the Catholic.
Christian. Others mayors were: Juan de Torres and when dying this
one his brother Rodrigo de Torres, named the 9 of June of 1496,
in 1513 was Juan de Maraver and in 1559 Juan de Campo Vaca de Mendoza.
In the villa they remained the Muslims whom
they loved with his properties, but in 1484 he changed the situation,
according to narrates don Pascual Madoz: " in 1488 the king Don
Fernando the Catholic left in the town of Gaucín, one more a respectable
trimming the inhabitants, the Muslims tired of dominion of the Christians,
they were they confederated to each other and they killed the soldiers
who were neglected and other peoples to similar treason. It did
not last to them much. The joy did not last to them much, because
the neighboring Moors, to make see that they from fear did not have
part in this fact and of being punished, met and surrounded Gaucín:
they went with new people of Seville the Marquess of Cadiz and the
count of recovered Cifuentes and that was the seat, they made slaves
to all those that did not happen to knife ".
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Place where was buried Guzmán el Bueno one in
the Castle of Gaucín. |
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FRENCH INVASIÓN |
Another
excellent and bloody fact, happened in the fifth invasion of the town
by the Napoleonic troops, of the six who did, the 8 of 1810 July,
assassinated all the inhabitants who were to their step, burning the
municipal archives and parochial and the image of Santo Niño
was thrown by the cliffs of the castle, after offering tenacious resistance
to them. |
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WARS CARLISTAS |
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During the carlistas wars in 1836 a campaign
of the General Gómez takes place who invades the territory, the
importance of these campaigns causes that General Serrano Valdenebro
promotes the adjustment of the Castle of the Eagle in 1839, being
made a series of reforms that allowed to lodge a dowry of 40 men
and a park of 6 tubes and two howitzers.
In 1848 the explosion of the powder magazine
ruins the strength of the Castle and definitively is left for military
use.
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